Understanding Dementia
Dementia is a syndrome characterised by progressive decline in memory, thinking, behaviour, and daily functioning, severe enough to interfere with daily life. Alzheimer’s disease accounts for 60–70% of dementia cases. With India’s ageing population, dementia is an increasing public health concern. Neurological specialists at Dashvanth Healthcare Delhi provide expert dementia evaluation and management.
Types of Dementia
- Alzheimer’s Disease: Progressive memory loss, language problems, personality changes
- Vascular Dementia: After strokes, stepwise decline
- Lewy Body Dementia: Visual hallucinations, Parkinsonism, REM sleep disorder
- Frontotemporal Dementia: Personality/behaviour changes, language problems
- Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Treatable cause – gait, memory, incontinence triad
Warning Signs
- Memory loss affecting daily activities
- Difficulty with familiar tasks
- Disorientation in time and place
- Language problems
- Poor judgment
- Withdrawal from social activities
- Personality changes
Diagnosis
Detailed neuropsychological testing, MRI brain (atrophy patterns), blood tests to exclude reversible causes (B12, thyroid, syphilis), PET scan for Alzheimer’s, CSF biomarkers (amyloid, tau).
Treatment
Medications for Alzheimer’s
- Cholinesterase Inhibitors: Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine (mild-moderate)
- Memantine: Moderate-severe Alzheimer’s
- New Biological Therapies: Aducanumab, lecanemab (anti-amyloid antibodies)
Non-Pharmacological Strategies
- Cognitive stimulation therapy
- Reality orientation
- Structured daily routines
- Physical exercise and social engagement
Caregiver Support
Caregiver education, respite care, and psychological support are essential components of dementia care.
Expert dementia evaluation at Dashvanth Healthcare Delhi: 011-41670042
