ADHD in Children: Signs, Diagnosis & Management Guide

By Dashvanth Healthcare Medical Team · Reviewed by our specialists · East Delhi

What Is ADHD?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, affecting 5–10% of school-age children globally. In India, it is significantly underdiagnosed — often misattributed to "naughtiness" or poor parenting.

Types of ADHD

• Predominantly inattentive: Difficulty focusing, disorganised, forgetful — often missed as these children are not disruptive
• Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive: Constantly moving, talks excessively, acts without thinking
• Combined: Most common type — features of both

Recognising ADHD vs Normal Behaviour

Key distinguishing features:

• Symptoms present in TWO or more settings (home AND school)
• Symptoms have persisted for ≥6 months
• Significantly impacts academic performance or social relationships
• Onset before age 12

Diagnosis

No single test diagnoses ADHD. Assessment includes: detailed history from parents and teachers, standardised rating scales (Conners, Vanderbilt), psychological testing, and ruling out other causes (anxiety, learning disability, sleep disorder, vision/hearing problems).

Management

Behavioural Strategies (First-line for children under 6)

• Consistent routines and clear rules
• Positive reinforcement (reward systems)
• Parent training — most effective single intervention

Medication (School-age children with significant impairment)

• Methylphenidate (Ritalin) — most evidence-based medication
• Atomoxetine — non-stimulant alternative