Diabetes in Children
Childhood diabetes is increasing in India. Both Type 1 (immune-mediated) and Type 2 (obesity-related) diabetes require careful management to prevent complications. Paediatricians at Dashvanth Healthcare Delhi provide comprehensive childhood diabetes care.
Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM)
Features
- Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
- Usually presents acutely in children
- Classic presentation: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss
- May present in Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) – emergency
Management
- Lifelong insulin therapy
- Multiple daily injections (MDI) or insulin pump
- Frequent blood glucose monitoring (or CGM)
- Carbohydrate counting and meal planning
- HbA1c target <7% in children
Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM)
Features
- Related to obesity and insulin resistance
- Increasing in Indian adolescents
- Often asymptomatic initially
- Risk factors: Family history, obesity, puberty, South Asian ethnicity
Management
- Lifestyle modification – diet and exercise (primary treatment)
- Metformin (first-line medication)
- Insulin if hyperglycaemia severe
- Manage associated conditions: hypertension, dyslipidaemia
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) – Emergency
Signs: vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, fruity breath odour, altered consciousness. Requires immediate IV fluid and insulin treatment in hospital.
Psychological Support
Living with diabetes as a child is challenging. Psychosocial support, diabetes camps, and peer support groups are essential components of care.
Expert childhood diabetes management at Dashvanth Healthcare Delhi: 011-41670042
